#: locale=en
## Tour
### Description
### Title
tour.name = Arabia VT
## Skin
### Button
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Dish Display
Top Shelf: The white pitcher in the center was made in Staffordshire, England by the Thomas, John, and Joseph Mayer ceramic works. This company won an award at London's Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851. It is made of parian, a type of porcelain developed in the 1840s to imitate marble.
Middle Shelf: The gold-rimmed set in the middle has no maker's mark, althought this style was commonly produced in France at the time.
Top/Bottom Shelf: The blue transferware on the top and bottom shelves was produced by Davenport Ironstone, another pottery works located in Staffordshire.
Dish Display
Top Shelf: The white pitcher in the center was made in Staffordshire, England by the Thomas, John, and Joseph Mayer ceramic works. This company won an award at London's Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851. It is made of parian, a type of porcelain developed in the 1840s to imitate marble.
Middle Shelf: The gold-rimmed set in the middle has no maker's mark, althought this style was commonly produced in France at the time.
Top/Bottom Shelf: The blue transferware on the top and bottom shelves was produced by Davenport Ironstone, another pottery located in Staffordshire.
___
General Store
Back to Front: Tap and die set for metal working.
Butcher knives. Wood chisels
General Store
Back to Front: Tap and die set for metal working.
Butcher knives. Wood chisels
___
General Store
The brown pitcher in the center of the lower shelf is a style of ceramics known as "dripware" in which the glaze appears to be running down the surface of the piece.
General Store
The brown pitcher in the center of the lower shelf is a style of ceramics known as "dripware" in which the glaze appears to be running down the surface of the piece.
___
Feed Pump
Part of the 'doctor' system, the feed pump drew water from the river and fed it into a wooden storage box. That water was then lifted by another feed pump into the boiler system to be heated to produce the steam needed to power the engines and wheels.
Feed Pump
Part of the 'doctor' system, the feed pump drew water from the river and fed it into a wooden storage box. That water was then lifted by another feed pump into the boiler system to be heated to produce the steam needed to power the engines and wheels.
___
Boilers
The Arabia was powered by three large boilers which utilized water from the river which was heated to over 300*F to produce the steam needed to power the engines which turned the paddle wheels.
Boilers
The Arabia was powered by three large boilers which utilized water from the river which was heated to over 300*F to produce the steam needed to power the engines which turned the paddle wheels.
___
General Store
Rim lock specifically for a store or similar establishment. Much more robust than a house lock.
Tumbler lock with a swan and crown on the escutcheon. The crown, sometimes with VR ("Victoria Regina"), generally signifies the lock was made in England.
General Store
Rim lock specifically for a store or similar establishment. Much more robust than a house lock.
Tumbler lock with a swan and crown on the escutcheon. The crown, sometimes with VR ("Victoria Regina"), generally signifies the lock was made in England.
___
Preservation Lab
Boot pistol made by the Washington Arms Company. Stamped "Cast Steel"
Preservation Lab
Boot pistol made by the Washington Arms Company. Stamped "Cast Steel"
___
General Store
Tinware pan, possibly the one known as a "French stew pan".
Glass panes for windows, 8" x 10".
General Store
Tinware pan, possibly the one known as a "French stew pan".
Glass panes for windows, 8" x 10".
___
General Store
Lard, contaminated by groundwater/mud. The Arabia carried many foodstuffs for general stores to help people stretch their winter diet. Lard, butter, dried fish, canned goods, and spices were aboard.
General Store
Lard, contaminated by groundwater/mud. The Arabia carried many foodstuffs for general stores to help people stretch their winter diet. Lard, butter, dried fish, canned goods, and spices were aboard.
___
General Store
A steelyard scale made by J. Chatillon of New York. The item to be weighed is hung from the bottom hook and a weight is slid along the long bar until it pulls even.
The numbers etched into the long bar indicate the weight, and the maximum for this scale is 350 pounds (painted on the left end).
General Store
A steelyard scale made by J. Chatillon of New York. The item to be weighed is hung from the bottom hook and a weight is slid along the long bar until it pulls even.
The numbers etched into the long bar indicate the weight, and the maximum for this scale is 350 pounds (painted on the left end).
___
General Store
knives
tobacco
___
General Store
knives
tobacco
___
General Store
Coffee pot, tin. Instead of the usual front-facing spout, this pot has a side spout.
The box propped up at the back reveals that the coffee grinders were made by the Adams company. Just below the word Adams is an unusual spelling of the word coffee...it is spelled "Caughphy"
General Store
Coffee pot, tin. Instead of the usual front-facing spout, this pot has a side spout.
The box propped up at the back reveals that the coffee grinders were made by the Adams company. Just below the word Adams is an unusual spelling of the word coffee...it is spelled "Caughphy"
___
General Store
knives
tobacco
___
General Store
knives
tobacco
___
General Store
knives
tobacco
___
General Store
Wooden tubs painted blue. Traditionally, color denoted use, and blue tubs were often used for laundry.
General Store
Wooden tubs painted blue. Traditionally, color denoted use, and blue tubs were often used for laundry.
___
General Store
knives
tobacco
___
Preservation Lab
Two stacks of scale weights.
The set on the right has been cleaned off, but the set on the left has been left in the condition it was found.
Preservation Lab
Two stacks of scale weights.
The set on the right has been cleaned off, but the set on the left has been left in the condition it was found.
___
General Store
Top: Scales. The goods being purchased would be placed on one side and varying weights on the other until balanced. Once balanced, the amount of the goods and price per unit of weight could be tallied.
Left on Post: Spring scale. The item being weighed would be hung from the hook and the weight tallied by the dial on the front of the scale.
Candles.
General Store
Scales. The goods being purchased would be placed on one side and varying weights on the other until balanced. Once balanced, the amount of the goods and price per unit of weight could be tallied.
Spring scale. The item being weighed would be hung from the hook and the weight tallied by the dial on the front of the scale.
Candles.
___
General Store
Top Shelf: Bottom to a "well" style coffee or tea pot. The bottom is of copper, the pot itself was tin. This style was used to fit down into a wood cookstove plate or on a grate rather than on a flat surfaced stove.
Bottom Shelf: Coffee grinders. The oval painted on the front of these coffee grinders contains the mark "Patented 1840."
Scale Weights.
Copper plate.
Sample prices of common goods. Prices varied from store to store, but these are based on those found in 1855 and 1856 frontier records.
General Store
Top Shelf: Bottom to a "well" style coffee or tea pot. The bottom is of copper, the pot itself was tin. This style was used to fit down into a wood cookstove plate or on a grate rather than on a flat surfaced stove.
Bottom Shelf: Coffee grinders. The oval painted on the front of these coffee grinders contains the mark "Patented 1840."
Scale Weights.
Copper plate.
Sample prices of common goods. Prices varied from store to store, but these are based on those found in 1855 and 1856 frontier records.
___
Carpenter Tools
Draw knives.A draw knife is used to debark a log or shape a round log into a flattened surface. The knife, grasped by the handles on either side, is pulled toward the woodworker.
Carpenter Tools
Draw knives.A draw knife is used to debark a log or shape a round log into a flattened surface. The knife, grasped by the handles on either side, is pulled toward the woodworker.
___
Carpenter Tools
Wood planes for shaving or shaping wood.
Carpenter levels
Carpenter Tools
Wood planes for shaving or shaping wood.
Carpenter levels
___
A Last Farewell
After four and a half months of excavating the partners had removed the Arabia's entire cargo, engine, boilers and stern. Once everything had been transported away to begin preservation, the pumps and generators were finally turned off.
As silence fell across the field, the partners noticed a soft swelling sound from beneath their feet. After a few moments, they saw the water begin to fill back into the hole. Sitting in silence they watched the water level continue to climb and engulf the sunken ship.
For a second time, the Steamboat Arabia disappeared beneath the cold, dark waters of the Missouri River. By the next morning, the water level had risen back to its natural level and after two weeks of pushing dirt back into the hole, sending equipment back down the river, the farm field was restored back to harvesting conditions. It is still farm field to this day.
A Last Farewell
After four and a half months of excavating the partners had removed the Arabia's entire cargo, engine, boilers and stern. Once everything had been transported away to begin preservation, the pumps and generators were finally turned off.
As silence fell across the field, the partners noticed a soft swelling sound from beneath their feet. After a few moments, they saw the water begin to fill back into the hole. Sitting in silence they watched the water level continue to climb and engulf the sunken ship.
For a second time, the Steamboat Arabia disappeared beneath the cold, dark waters of the Missouri River. By the next morning, the water level had risen back to its natural level and after two weeks of pushing dirt back into the hole, sending equipment back down the river, the farm field was restored back to harvesting conditions. It is still farm field to this day.
___
Women's Display
Top Shelf: Two sea shells and a tin rickshaw that belonged to a passenger.
Calling card trays, brass (or brass overlay). Polite society required the presentation of a 'calling card' when visiting. This idea modernized from a personal card to a more formal business card. A tray would have been on an entry table of each house. Whale oil lamps on right.
Middle shelf: Earrings on left.
Frozen Charlotte doll in middle.
Assorted gold and brass jewelry on right.
Wedding bands, gold. These bands were meant for future brides; it was uncommon for a man to wear a wedding band in the mid-19th century. Signet rings, gold. The center of each ring had a blank flat on which an initial might be engraved.
Bottom Shelf: Italian and Bohemian glass beads, scroll bottles, perfume bottles, and 26 cents (two dimes, a "half dime," and an 1856 one cent piece).
Women's Display
Top Shelf: Two sea shells and a tin rickshaw that belonged to a passenger.
Calling card trays, brass (or brass overlay). Polite society required the presentation of a 'calling card' when visiting. This idea modernized from a personal card to a more formal business card. A tray would have been on an entry table of each house. Whale oil lamps on right.
Middle shelf: Earrings on left.
Frozen Charlotte doll in middle.
Assorted gold and brass jewelry on right.
Wedding bands, gold. These bands were meant for future brides; it was uncommon for a man to wear a wedding band in the mid-19th century. Signet rings, gold. The center of each ring had a blank flat on which an initial might be engraved.
Bottom Shelf: Italian and Bohemian glass beads, scroll bottles, perfume bottles, and 26 cents (two dimes, a "half dime," and an 1856 one cent piece.
___
General Store
The two pencils resting on top of the folding ruler have maker's marks reading A.W. Faber and Johnson Byrne & Johnson No. 4
Folding knife with 'hawk bill' blade. Used primarily as a pruning knife in the garden, small woodlands, or for mushroom cutting.
Measuring tape.
Pocket level.
General Store
The two pencils resting on top of the folding ruler have maker's marks reading A.W. Faber and Johnson Byrne & Johnson No. 4
Folding knife with 'hawk bill' blade. Used primarily as a pruning knife in the garden, small woodlands, or for mushroom cutting.
Measuring tape.
Pocket level.
___
Midnight Shift
Long days and nights were necessary to uncover the Arabia's hidden treasures. Though the cold wind and icy tempertures made the work difficult, nothing could dampen the spirits of those present when new and amazing discoveries were made.
Midnight Shift
Long days and nights were necessary to uncover the Arabia's hidden treasures. Though the cold wind and icy tempertures made the work difficult, nothing could dampen the spirits of those present when new and amazing discoveries were made.
___
It's Like Christmas Every Day
Many of the containers had markings indicating its origin and destination however its contents were a mystery. Not until it was carefully extracted from the mud and the lid thoughtfully removed were its stories revealed.
Every box and barrel contained the much needed supplies for those starting their new lives on the frontier.
Hats, clothing, building supplies - once considered just necessary goods for our ancestors - had now become treasures of unfathomable value.
It's Like Christmas Every Day
Many of the containers had markings indicating its origin and destination, however its contents were a mystery. Not until it was carefully extracted from the mud, and the lid thoughtfully removed were its stories revealed.
Every box and barrel contained the much needed supplies for those starting their new lives on the frontier.
Hats, clothing, building supplies - once considered just necessary goods for our ancestors - had now become treasures, of unfathomable value.
___
Preservation Lab
Thumb latch handles and base plates for thumb latch assemblies, uncleaned.
Adjusting wrenches for coffee grinders, cast metal. At the ledt, uncleaned; on the right, fully cleaned and stabilized.
Preservation Lab
Thumb latch handles and base plates for thumb latch assemblies, uncleaned.
Adjusting wrenches for coffee grinders, cast metal. At the ledt, uncleaned; on the right, fully cleaned and stabilized.
___
Medicine Display
Liniments. A medicinal fluid rubbed into the skin to soothe pain or relieve stiffness.
Elixers. A sweet liquid used for medical purposes, to be taken orally and intended to cure one's illness.
Stomach bitters. A mix of water and alcohol seasoned with aromatic herbs, bark, roots, or fruit matter for flavor or medicinal purposes.
Eyeglasses. Lancets for blood-letting. Pill boxes with unidentified pills.
Toothbrush, bristles missing. Oral hygeine was important, even on the frontier. These may originally have had boar bristles, but the bristles fell out of the waterlogged handles and were lost.
Castor Oil, a vegetable oil made from castor beans. Often used as a stomach remedy.
Medicine Display
Liniments. A medicinal fluid rubbed into the skin to soothe pain or relieve stiffness.
Elixers. A sweet liquid used for medical purposes, to be taken orally and intended to cure one's illness.
Stomach bitters. A mix of water and alcohol seasoned with aromatic herbs, bark, roots, or fruit matter for flavor or medicinal purposes.
Eyeglasses. Lancets for blood-letting. Pill boxes with unidentified pills.
Toothbrush, bristles missing. Oral hygeine was important, even on the frontier. These may originally have had boar bristles, but the bristles fell out of the waterlogged handles and were lost.
Castor Oil, a vegetable oil made from castor beans. Often used as a stomach remedy.
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Preservation Lab
Lock sets that have been left in the condition they were found, covered in hardened, iron-infused silt.
Preservation Lab
Lock sets that have been left in the condition they were found, covered in hardened, iron-infused silt.
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Frozen Charlotte
The porcelain doll with outstretched arms is a Frozen Charlotte doll, found in a carpenter’s toolbox on the Steamboat Arabia. Frozen Charlotte dolls were were popular in the 19th century as children’s toys and also as moralizing tools. The tale of “Fair Charlotte” was first recorded by humorist Seba Smith in an 1844 periodical.
This poem later evolved into a folk song and series of dolls, all with the intent of reminding children to listen to their mothers. You may notice that the doll is nude and is a baby doll, even though the protagonist of the poem is a teenager in a lovely dress. This is typical for 19th-century dolls; girls were encouraged to make clothes for them to practice their sewing skills.
Excerpt from
“A Corpse Going to a Ball”
by Seba Smith
…At the village inn, fifteen miles off,
Is a merry ball to-night—
The piercing air is cold as death,
But her heart is warm and light;
And brightly beams her laughing eye,
As a well-known voice she hears;
And dashing up to the cottage door
Her Charley’s sleigh appears.
“Now daughter dear,” her mother cried,
“This blanket round you fold,
“For ’tis a dreadful night abroad,
“You’ll catch your death a-cold.”
“O nay, O nay,” fair Charlotte said,
And she laugh’d like a gipsy queen,
“To ride with blankets muffled up
“I never could be seen—
“My silken cloak is quite enough;
“You know ’tis lined throughout;
“And then I have a silken shawl
“To tie my neck about.”
… Five cold, long miles they’ve pass’d,
And Charles, with these few frozen words,
The silence broke at last—
“Such night as this I never saw—
“The reins I scarce can hold;”
And Charlotte, shivering, faintly said,
“I am exceeding cold.”
He crack’d his whip, and urged his steed
More swifily than before,
And now five other dreary miles;
In silence are pass’d o’er—
“How fast,” said Charles the freezing ice
“Is gathering on my brow;”
But Charlotte said, with feebler tone.
“I’m growing warmer now.”
And on they went through the frosty air
And the glittering, cold star-light;
And now at last the village inn
And the ball-room are in sight.
They reach the door, and Charles jumps out,
And holds his hand to her— Why sits she like a monument,
That hath no power to stir?
He call’d her once—he call’d her twice—
She answer’d not a word;
He ask’d her for her hand again,
But still she never stirr’d—
He took her hand in his—O God!
‘Twas cold and hard as stone;
He tore the mantle from her face;
The cold stars on her shone—
Then quickly to the lighted hall
Her voiceless form he bore—
His Charlotte was a stiflen’d corpse,
And word spake never more!
___
The Thrill of Discovery
Wells were drilled to bedrock, and began pumping the underground water out of the farmfield. The size of the excavation required twenty pumps - each pumping 1,000 gallons of water a minute - to reach the Arabia, located 45 feet below. The water was channeled a half-mile back the Missouri River.
After 6 weeks of pushing dirt and pumping water, the partners were able to reach the main deck of the Arabia and the cargo hull below.
Each day of the excavation the partners unearthed treasure not seen by the light of day for 132 years.
The Thrill of Discovery
Wells were drilled to bedrock, and began pumping the underground water out of the farmfield. The size of the excavation required twenty pumps - each pumping 1,000 gallons of water a minute - to reach the Arabia, located 45 feet below. The water was channeled a half-mile back the Missouri River.
After 6 weeks of pushing dirt and pumping water, the partners were able to reach the main deck of the Arabia and the cargo hull below.
Each day of the excavation the partners unearthed treasure not seen by the light of day for 132 years.
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General Store
Bottles of Dr. J Hostetter's stomach bitters
Tobacco cutter
The tobacco plugs were arranged in the shape of a cake because around 30 more could fit in a round keg than could fit in a rectangular box.
General Store
Bottles of Dr. J Hostetter's stomach bitters
Tobacco cutter
The tobacco plugs were arranged in the shape of a cake because around 30 more could fit in a round keg than could fit in a rectangular box.
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Final Preparations
As the summer months faded to fall, the final preparations for the excavation accelerated.
Barges began unloading heavy machinery and equipment to the dig site.
Final Preparations
As the summer months faded to fall, the final preparations for the excavation accelerated.
Barges began unloading heavy machinery and equipment to the dig site.
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Gentleman's Display
Top Shelf: Wool felt hat with silk hatband.
Dress boots. The distinctively sculpted upper panels mimic the Hessian boot style. These are additionally embossed with a design and the word "Warranted."
Middle Shelf: Boot jack: A multipurpose tool that could be used as a boot jack, a wrench, or a nail puller. The words "Boot Jack" and "Pittsburgh Novelty Works" can be read on the metal.
Boot pistol, cast steel barrel and wood handle.
Gunpowder flask, brass. A running stag and hunting hound motif were two of the more popular designs on 'sporting' items.
Bottom Shelf:
Scale: A Fairbanks general store scale. Fairbanks Scales, Inc. still exists in Kansas City today.
Gentleman's Display
Top Shelf: Wool felt hat with silk hatband.
Dress boots. The distinctively sculpted upper panels mimic the Hessian boot style. These are additionally embossed with a design and the word "Warranted."
Middle Shelf: Boot jack: A multipurpose tool that could be used as a boot jack, a wrench, or a nail puller. The words "Boot Jack" and "Pittsburgh Novelty Works" can be read on the metal.
Boot pistol, cast steel barrel and wood handle.
Gunpowder flask, brass. A running stag and hunting hound motif were two of the more popular designs on 'sporting' items.
Bottom Shelf:
Scale: A Fairbanks general store scale. Fairbanks Scales, Inc. still exists in Kansas City today.
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Steel Caisson
In 1897, Gale "Dad" Henson attempted an excavation of the Arabia to find the 400 barrels of whiskey rumored to have gone down with the boat. He had built a steel caisson – a metal tube some 6 ft wide and 35 ft deep – from within workers would be able to safely excavate.
The pressure inside the caisson was debilitating, and only a few hats and shoes, chamber pots, and miscellaneous goods were discovered before the attempt abandoned.
This piece of the caisson was left behind.
Steel Caisson
In 1897, Gale "Dad" Henson attempted an excavation of the Arabia to find the 400 barrels of whiskey rumored to have gone down with the boat. He had built a steel caisson – a metal tube some 6 ft wide and 35 ft deep – from within workers would be able to safely excavate.
The pressure inside the caisson was debilitating, and only a few hats and shoes, chamber pots, and miscellaneous goods were discovered before the attempt abandoned. This piece of the caisson was left behind.
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General Store
Left to Right: Scale weights, cast iron. These particular weights are usually in increments of 1oz (smallest) to 2 lb (largest) and used on balance scales.
Meat cutter (grinder), single cylinder
Barrel spigot, used to "tap" or access a barrel of oil or other liquid (not alcohol).
General Store
Left to Right: Scale weights, cast iron. These particular weights are usually in increments of 1oz (smallest) to 2 lb (largest) and used on balance scales.
Meat cutter (grinder), single cylinder
Barrel spigot, used to "tap" or access a barrel of oil or other liquid (not alcohol).
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Steam Engine
The steam engine powered the Pitman arm, turning the paddle wheel(s). Water was drawn from the river via "the doctor" feed pump assembly, fed into the boilers, and, heated by fireboxes underneath, converted to steam. The pressurized steam flowed to the engine, causing the piston to engage, activating the pitman arm, etc.
Steam Engine
The steam engine powered the Pitman arm, turning the paddle wheel(s). Water was drawn from the river via "the doctor" feed pump assembly, fed into the boilers, and, heated by fireboxes underneath, converted to steam. The pressurized steam flowed to the engine, causing the piston to engage, activating the pitman arm, etc.
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Preservation Lab
A pot inside a pot, cast iron. Every inch of cargo space needed to be used efficiently, and pots like this would have been stacked. Some survived intact, others did not.
Preservation Lab
A pot inside a pot, cast iron. Every inch of cargo space needed to be used efficiently, and pots like this would have been stacked. Some survived intact, others did not.
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Technology Center
Slate or slate board. Used with a slate pencil for schoolwork. After the teacher checked the work, the slate would be 'erased' and re-used over and over.
Slate pencils, used extensively in schools, were manufactured in narrow areas in Pennsylvania and in Vermont. The tips were shaped into either a "△" or a "□" to be sharpened later.
Technology Center
Slate or slate board. Used with a slate pencil for schoolwork. After the teacher checked the work, the slate would be 'erased' and re-used over and over.
Slate pencils, used extensively in schools, were manufactured in narrow areas in Pennsylvania and in Vermont. The tips were shaped into either a "△" or a "□" to be sharpened later.
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Tin Display
Top left to right: Tin cup. Personal lanterns, tinware - the flashlight of the 1850s, a small candle fit inside, sheltered from the wind. Serving spoons. Two-tine forks.
Bottom left to right: Biscuit or tartlet cutters, tinware. Tiny candle in tinware holder. Dessert or tea spoons, Three-tine fork.
Tin Display
Top left to right: Tin cup. Personal lanterns, tinware - the flashlight of the 1850s, a small candle fit inside, sheltered from the wind. Serving spoons. Two-tine forks.
Bottom left to right: Biscuit or tartlet cutters, tinware. Tiny candle in tinware holder. Desert
or tea spoons, Three-tine fork.
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Carpenter Tools
Fireplace shovel(s). Short-handled and used for the removal of ashes from under either a fireplace or wood stove grate.
Carpenter Tools
Fireplace shovel(s). Short-handled and used for the removal of ashes from under either a fireplace or wood stove grate.
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Firebox
Located directly under the large boilers, wood burning in the firebox heated the river water pumped in by the doctor and feed pumps to the boiling/steaming point.
Firebox
Located directly under the large boilers, wood burning in the firebox heated the river water pumped in by the doctor and feed pumps to the boiling/steaming point.
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Lawrence
The only casualty of the sinking. Saddled and tied to a heavy piece of sawmill equipment so
it wouldn't wander the deck, the mule was owned by a passenger who later told the
newspapers he'd cut the reins so it could swim to shore. Since the animal perished, his story
stated it was because it was a "Missouri mule", implying it was too stubborn to save itself.
Upon excavation, the bridle was found intact, keeping the poor animal from swimming to
safety. Nothing more is known of the creature, but to honor him/her, the excavators named
the mule "Lawrence" – Lawrence of the Arabia.
Lawrence
The only casualty of the sinking. Saddled and tied to a heavy piece of sawmill equipment so it wouldn't wander the deck, the mule was owned by a passenger who later told the newspapers he'd cut the reins so it could swim to shore. Since the animal perished, his story stated it was because it was a "Missouri mule", implying it was too stubborn to save itself.
Upon excavation, the bridle was found intact, keeping the poor animal from swimming to safety. Nothing more is known of the creature, but to honor him/her, the excavators named the mule "Lawrence" – Lawrence of the Arabia.
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Technology Center
This box of printing type was destined for the Thompson & Butts general store in Council Bluffs, Iowa. The store was owned by Charles Blancher Thompson and Daniel W. Butts. In August 1856, just a month before the Arabia's sinking, they began printing a paper called the "Western Nucleus and Democratic Echo." It is likely that this box of type was intended for use in printing this paper.
Technology Center
This box of printing type was destined for the Thompson & Butts general store in Council Bluffs, Iowa. The store was owned by Charles Blancher Thompson and Daniel W. Butts. In August 1856, just a month before the Arabia's sinking, they began printing a paper called the "Western Nucleus and Democratic Echo." It is likely that this box of type was intended for use in printing this paper.
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Tin Display
Scoop(s) for counter scales, tinware. Goods would be placed in the bowl of the scoop and balanced against scale weights.
Victorian "potato steamer(s)", tinware. Fits into a slightly larger pot.
"Well" style tea pot (minus its top). Tinware.
"Well" style coffee pots. Tinware with copper bottoms.
Tin Display
Scoop(s) for counter scales, tinware. Goods would be placed in the bowl of the scoop and balanced against scale weights.
Victorian "potato steamer(s)", tinware. Fits into a slightly larger pot.
"Well" style tea pot (minus its top). Tinware.
"Well" style coffee pots. Tinware with copper bottoms.
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Anchor
The anchor and capstan of the Arabia. The capstan, with the aid of bars placed into the square slots seen along the top edge, is essentially a vertical winch which enabled crewmen to lower and raise the heavy anchor.
Anchor
The anchor and capstan of the Arabia. The capstan, with the aid of bars placed into the square slots seen along the top edge, is essentially a vertical winch which enabled crewmen to lower and raise the heavy anchor.
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Carpenter
Half round file with handle, middling (moderate) teeth for average removal of metal or wood.
Half round file(s), coarse teeth for quick removal or metal or wood material.
Half round file with handle, middling (moderate) teeth for average removal of metal or wood
Carpenter Tools
Half round file with handle, middling (moderate) teeth for average removal of metal or wood.
Half round file(s), coarse teeth for quick removal or metal or wood material.
Half round file with handle, middling (moderate) teeth for average removal of metal or wood
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The Metalsmith
Blacksmiths, tinsmiths and silversmiths crafted a wealth of essential products for the Arabia's cargo - everything from thimbles to wagon wheels.
Many supplies were made from "wrought iron," the black metal originally forged on the blacksmith's anvil.
The Arabia carried more than two tons of metal tools,
hardware, hinges, hooks, and latches for frontier homes.
There were horse shoes, iron rods, grinding stones, chains and wagon wheels to furnish a frontier blacksmith's shop.
The Metalsmith
Blacksmiths, tinsmiths and silversmiths crafted a wealth of essential products for the Arabia's cargo - everything from thimbles to wagon wheels.
Many supplies were made from "wrought iron," the black metal originally forged on the blacksmith's anvil.
The Arabia carried more than two tons of metal tools,
hardware, hinges, hooks, and latches for frontier homes.
There were horse shoes, iron rods, grinding stones, chains and wagon wheels to furnish a frontier blacksmith's shop.
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The Cobbler
The Arabia carried full-size leather hides and other raw materials among its cargo. This allowed the artisans who came west with the settlers to directly serve their customers.
Among the Arabia's supplies that never reached these frontier trademen were 150 leather hides, needles, thread and shoe forms.
The Arabia's recovered cargo includes 4,000 hand-crafted leather boots and shoes, originally intended to supply frontier settlers and urban families.
The Cobbler
The Arabia carried full-size leather hides and other raw materials among its cargo. This allowed the artisans who came west with the settlers to directly serve their customers.
Amoung the Arabia's supplies that never reached these frontier trademen were 150 leather hides, needles, thread and shoe forms.
The Arabia's recovered cargo includes 4,000 hand-crafted leather boots and shoes, originally intended to supply frontier settlers and urban families.
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The Carpenter
Frontier carpenters and woodworkers brought utility, elegance and a sense of "home" ot the growing communities along the Missouri River.
They crafted products to meet the settler's every need - from tools to fine-grained tables, simple wooden barrels to carved oak dressers.
The Carpenter
Frontier carpenters and woodworkers brought utility, elegance and a sense of "home" ot the growing communities along the Missouri River.
They crafted products to meet the settler's every need - from tools to fine-grained tables, simple wooden barrels to carved oak dressers.
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Original Glass
Throughout the displays you'll see window frames
built into displays which use original glass panes found onboard the Arabia.
If you look closely you will see imperfections the imperfections - bubbles or streaks.
Original Glass
Throughout the displays you'll see window frames
built into displays which use original glass panes found onboard the Arabia.
If you look closely you will see imperfections the imperfections - bubbles or streaks.
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Rubber Display
The anaerobic (lack of oxygen) enviornment allowed for many of our artifacts to survive long past their expected lifespan. The rubber displayed in this case is some of the oldest vulcanized rubber in existence.
The case these rubber items are stored in is completely void of oxygen. A backfill of nitrogen and limited exposure to light will help keep these artifacts preserved and in good condition.
Rubber overshoes, anti-slip treads on bottom. Some styles mimicked the leather shoes of the day, perhaps meant to be worn on rainy days instead of 'regular' shoes.
Several everyday items were made by the Novelty Rubber Co under the Goodyear patents of 1849 and 1851 including overshoes, ladies' side combs, buttons, buggy whips, and hairpins.
Ladies 'side combs', used in upswept hair styles to secure the hair away from the face.
Rubber Display
The anaerobic (lack of oxygen) enviornment allowed for many of our artifacts to survive long past their expected lifespan. The rubber displayed in this case is some of the oldest vulcanized rubber in existance.
The case these rubber items are stored in is completely void of oxygen. A backfill of nitrogen, and limited exposure to light will help keep these artifacts preserved and in good condition.
Rubber overshoes, anti-slip treads on bottom. Some styles mimicked the leather shoes of the day, perhaps meant to be worn on rainy days instead of 'regular' shoes.
Several everyday items were made by the Novelty Rubber Co under the Goodyear patents of 1849 and 1851 including overshoes, ladies' side combs, buttons, buggy whips, and hairpins.
Ladies 'side combs', used in upswept hair styles to secure the hair away from the face.
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Preservation Lab
Freeze Dryer: The last step in the preservation of leather and wood artifacts. The top chamber maintains a steady 0*F under vacuum and the bottom, -54*F. After an artifact soaks in polyethylene glycol (leather for two months, wood up to six depending on size and density), it is placed in the freeze dryer for a slow, even dry.
Every week or two, the dryer is opened, emptied, and each artifact weighed. If the weight is the same twice in a row, the artifact is dry and considered "preserved"; it may be displayed or stored without fear of further degradation. Leather can take up to two months, wood up to six months. Drying by freezing is safer and gentler than by heat.
Preservation Lab
Freeze Dryer: The last step in the preservation of leather and wood artifacts. The top chamber maintains a steady 0*F under vacuum and the bottom, -54*F. After an artifact
soaks in polyethylene glycol (leather for two months, wood up to six depending on size and density), it is placed in the freeze dryer for a slow, even dry.
Every week or two, the dryer is opened, emptied, and each artifact weighed. If the weight is the same twice in a row, the artifact is dry and considered "preserved"; it may be displayed or stored without fear of further degradation. Leather can take up to two months, wood up to six months. Drying by freezing is safer and gentler than by heat.
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Glass Bottles
A vast array of colored glass bottles in many shapes and sizes festooned the 19th century
American home. Some were commonly used for certain purposes such as the "cathedral"
shaped bottles holding pickles and "relish" or pickled vegetables. Others were very slender
to hold sauces or herbs and spices. Bottles for alcohol are recognizable even now.
"Scroll" bottles, called such because of the scroll-like design in the glass, held whatever liquid the householder wished. Perfume bottles were sometimes very tiny to fit within a reticule or fancy if to be displayed upon a vanity. And yet other glassware was heavier, such as the flat round pomade (hair styling solution) and shaving containers with their tightly fitted lids, seen in the front right of the display.
Unfortunately, the glass blowers could not foresee the turbulence of a ship wreck, and the beautiful fragile glassware often shattered.
Glass Bottles
A vast array of colored glass bottles in many shapes and sizes festooned the 19th century American home. Some were commonly used for certain purposes such as the "cathedral" shaped bottles holding pickles and "relish" or pickled vegetables. Others were very slender
to hold sauces or herbs and spices. Bottles for alcohol are recognizable even now.
"Scroll" bottles, called such because of the scroll-like design in the glass, held whatever liquid the householder wished. Perfume bottles were sometimes very tiny to fit within a reticule or fancy if to be displayed upon a vanity. And yet other glassware was heavier, such as the flat round pomade (hair styling solution) and shaving containers with their tightly fitted lids, seen in the front right of the display.
Unfortunately, the glass blowers could not foresee the turbulence of a ship wreck, and the beautiful fragile glassware often shattered.
___
Water Pump
This hand-operated water pump mechanically drew water, in this instance likely the river, for domestic use. Found at the rear deck of the Arabia, it is presumed to have been used for watering boarded animals.
Pumps of this type were widely used in frontier houses to provide the convenience of "running water" once a well or cistern had been established on the homestead (or business, if in town). It is a style still used today.
Water Pump
This hand-operated water pump mechanically drew water, in this instance likely the river, for domestic use. Found at the rear deck of the Arabia, it is presumed to have been used for watering boarded animals.
Pumps of this type were widely used in frontier houses to provide the convenience of "running water" once a well or cistern had been established on the homestead (or business, if in town). It is a style still used today.
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Piston & Rod
Hooked to the pitman arm (which actively engages the wheel mechanism) and fit within the engine, the piston and rod operated by a regulated steam discharge. Steam intake pushed the piston, engaging the pitman arm, and the rod withdrew after the stroke spent the charge, pulling the pitman arm with it to finish the revolution of the wheel.
Piston & Rod
Hooked to the pitman arm (which actively engages the wheel mechanism) and fit within the engine, the piston and rod operated by a regulated steam discharge. Steam intake pushed the piston, engaging the pitman arm, and the rod withdrew after the stroke spent the charge, pulling the pitman arm with it to finish the revolution of the wheel.
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Preservation Lab
Two rolling pins.
The pin on the right was frozen, thawed out, soaked in polyethylene glycol, and freeze dried. The pin on the left was frozen and thawed out, but rolled to the back of a cabinet and was misplaced for two days.
In that two day window, the pin dried out and shriveled and cracked because it did not have the PEG to keep its shape.
Preservation Lab
Two rolling pins.
The pin on the right was frozen, thawed out, soaked in polyethylene glycol, and freeze dried. The pin on the left was frozen and thawed out, but rolled to the back of a cabinet and was misplaced for two days.
In that two day window, the pin dried out and shriveled and cracked because it did not have the PEG to keep its shape.
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Hub
The crankshaft for the second paddle wheel. While turned sideways, you can see the
various components of the hub.
Truss brackets for the wooden paddles
The bearing journal – tallow was used to lubricate the bearings as petroleum-based greases were not yet available.
The crank where the pitman arm attaches by which to turn the wheel
Hub
The crankshaft for the second paddle wheel. While turned sideways, you can see the various components of the hub.
Truss brackets for the wooden paddles
The bearing journal – tallow was used to lubricate the bearings as petroleum-based greases were not yet available.
The crank where the pitman arm attaches by which to turn the wheel.
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Doctor
This is the main feedwater pump for the boiler. The assembly consisted of a small steamdriven engine and one or two piston pumps. Sediment build-up from inflow was often a problem.
Doctor
This is the main feedwater pump for the boiler. The assembly consisted of a small steam driven engine and one or two piston pumps. Sediment build-up from inflow was often a problem.
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Carpenter Tools
Claw hatchet. Similar to a shingling hatchet, this style utilized a clawed shape at its butt with which to pull nails (instead of the notch on a shingling hatchet).
Pick axe head(s). One side of each pick has a "point" and the other a "chisel" which is slightly flattened.
Carpenter Tools
Claw hatchet. Similar to a shingling hatchet, this style utilized a clawed shape at its butt with which to pull nails (instead of the notch on a shingling hatchet).
Pick axe head(s). One side of each pick has a "point" and the other a "chisel" which is slightly flattened.
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Technology Center
Bed springs were available but expensive, and most people still used rope beds in the mid-19th century.
Technology Center
Bed springs were available but expensive, and most people still used rope beds in the mid-19th century.
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Tin Display
Wall mounted coffee grinders.
"Wilson's Improved Coffee Mill (P.S. Mfg C○)"
Lid shown to the side. Japanned tinware, wall-mounted space-saving model.
Tin Display
Wall mounted coffee grinders.
"Wilson's Improved Coffee Mill (P.S. Mfg C○)"
Lid shown to the side. Japanned tinware, wall-mounted space-saving model.
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Mexican Mustang Liniment
Mexican Mustang Liniment was a topical treatment for aches and pains, developed in 1825 by George W. Westbrook in St. Louis. Medicines in the 19th century faced very little testing by the medical community or regulation by the government. Mexican Mustang Liniment was a “snake oil,” popular throughout the century and manufactured across the country despite a lack of evidence for claims to cure dozens of ailments—for both humans and livestock.
The main ingredient of this exotic-sounding “miracle cure-all” was nothing other than crude petroleum oil. Any benefit from administering Mexican Mustang Liniment was likely a placebo effect. According to an account published in 1852 in The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, a man felt relief after taking some liquid he believed to be Mexican Mustang Liniment in the middle of the night. However, in the morning, his wife discovered that she had grabbed the wrong bottle by mistake. She had given him a spoonful of ink and also rubbed ink all over his body!
Despite being no more medicinally effective than ink, Mexican Mustang Liniment was a coveted good for hard-working pioneers. Eight bottles of it were salvaged from the Steamboat Arabia, along with other outdated medical products, illustrating how far the medical industry has progressed since the mid-19th century.
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Calico Buttons
Calico buttons were printed with tiny, delicate patterns to match or complement women’s dresses in the 1850s.
The word calico refers to cotton fabrics printed with small, repeating patterns, originally imported to England from Calicutta, India. Cotton dresses from the Steamboat Arabia had dissolved after spending 132 years underwater. Luckily, their porcelain buttons remained intact, showing us how many colorful, intricate patterns were available to women who could afford readymade clothing in 1856.
Buttonologists recognize over 300 varying patterns, each available in a rainbow of colors.
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Textile
Boots
Top Shelf: Toddler-sized brogans (ankle boots). Two of the three styles of shoes in the collection which are "straight last", neither left- nor right-foot.
Bottom Shelf: Ladies parlor shoes. Straight last girls' shoes. Toddler brogans. Straight last girls' shoes.
"Parlor shoes", leather. Delicate and thin soled, these ladies shoes show their original silk bows and shoelaces. The shoe and soles were also sewn with silk thread.
Adult and children's shoes/boots
Brogans (ankle boots) were the most common style of shoe worn for everyday work. This is a crate of 60 pairs and, perhaps because of the close packing, fragments of the cotton shoelaces may still be seen.
Lace-up leather shoes, intended for men but worn by women on the frontier.
Textiles
Boots
Top Shelf: Toddler-sized brogans (ankle boots). Two of the three styles of shoes in the collection which are "straight last", neither left- nor right-foot.
Bottom Shelf: Ladies parlor shoes. Straight last girls' shoes. Toddler brogans. Straight last girls' shoes.
"Parlor shoes", leather. Delicate and thin soled, these ladies shoes show their original silk bows and shoelaces. The shoe and soles were also sewn with silk thread.
Adult and children's shoes/boots
Brogans (ankle boots) were the most common style of shoe worn for everyday work. This is a crate of 60 pairs and, perhaps because of the close packing, fragments of the cotton shoelaces may still be seen.
Lace-up leather shoes, intended for men but worn by women on the frontier.
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Technology Center
The paint pigment appears yellow, but was discolored after years buried underground. It is actually a deep red color known as vermillion, which was popular for trade with Native Americans in the 1850s.
Technology Center
The paint pigment appears yellow, but was discolored after years buried underground. It is actually a deep red color known as vermillion, which was popular for trade with Native Americans in the 1850s.
Bob Hawley
Harland Maynard Hawley, of Independence, Missouri, born February 20, 1929 in Oakland, California, to parents Gerald & Viola Hawley, has passed away at age 89 on January 5th, 2019.
As a youngster, his older sister Dareth nicknamed him “Hunk” due to a few extra pounds that he carried. He grew tall and lean, yet the nickname stuck and he was affectionately referred to as such by members of his immediate family for many years. He would however, introduce himself as Bob, a name he preferred over Harland.
He served his family and community honorably as a husband, a father, church pastor, entrepreneur, and a principal in the recovery of the sunken 1856 steamboat Arabia.
His gentle and kind demeanor was magnetic. He was a perceptive and thoughtful man whose wise council was highly regarded. Clever in the way of mechanical ingenuity, he was able to build or repair most any piece of equipment and made his living doing just that. With a young and growing family, he began working from the trunk of the family auto repairing refrigeration equipment to supplement his income from his employment as a tool & dye maker. Within a few years he was able to buy a work truck and proudly placed a sign in the front yard of his home advertising his repair business. To this day, the Hawley Service Company sign stands vigilant to those passersby along the blacktop road at the end of his long, shaded driveway.
Bob Hawley was a man who loved the adventure of the outdoors, honored the grip of a honest handshake, content to work all day for a fair wage, and quick to give of his abundance to his church and those in need. With the realization that he was experiencing symptoms of the fatal ALS - Lou Gehrig’s Disease - Bob continued to set a strong and unwavering example to all that attended his personal care during the closing days of life.
A work of literature often attributed to Mark Twain is a passage that goes a long way in describing the character and life of Bob Hawley. “Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore, Dream, Discover.”
Bob greeting guests in the theater.
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Technology Center
This yellow stoneware canning jar was developed by Robert Arthur. The maker's mark on the tin lid shows a patent date of January 2, 1855. A groove around the top of the ceramic jar was meant to be filled with wax, which would seal the tin lid in place when heated. Within a few years, this design was supplanted by superior canning methods, including the Mason jar which came along in 1858.
Technology Center
This yellow stoneware canning jar was developed by Robert Arthur. The maker's mark on the tin lid shows a patent date of January 2, 1855. A groove around the top of the ceramic jar was meant to be filled with wax, which would seal the tin lid in place when heated. Within a few years, this design was supplanted by superior canning methods, including the Mason jar which came along in 1858.
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Textile
The thong of a whip, braided leather.
Textiles
The thong of a whip, braided leather.
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Textile
Brass medallions found with horse bridle and tack equipment.
Textiles
Brass medallions found with horse bridle and tack equipment.
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Preservation Lab
Nail keg: The nails are not rusted together, as the anaerobic conditions the boat lay in prevented oxidation, but they are locked together in the shape of the barrel they were in because the iron in the metal seeped into the mud, which hardened to form a soft cement like substance.
"Three Leg'd pot"(s), cast iron. Two styles of cook/soup pots: the straight sided one was also known as a Danish pot. The bails (handles) were often sold separately or added at additional cost. Pots were stacked inside each other to make more efficient use of the space available within shipping boxes.
Preservation Lab
Nail keg: The nails are not rusted together, as the anaerobic conditions the boat lay in prevented oxidation, but they are locked together in the shape of the barrel they were in because the iron in the metal seeped into the mud, which hardened to form a soft cement like substance.
"Three Leg'd pot"(s), cast iron. Two styles of cook/soup pots: the straight sided one was also known as a Danish pot. The bails (handles) were often sold separately or added at additional cost. Pots were stacked inside each other to make more efficient use of the space available within shipping boxes.
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Hull Installation
Built in 1853, the Arabia lasted a short 3-years on the river before it sank near Kansas City in 1856. The magnificent Arabia’s stern section shown here is one of the largest artifacts recovered in the 1988-89 excavation.
The stern-section was carefully separated from remainder of the hull for preservation and eventual display at the museum. Bob Hawley and workmen would use a construction crane to lift the massive boat section up 45-feet to the farm surface with a crane to a waiting semi-truck for transportation.
To support the Arabia’s stern-section in the museum, a metal framework was fabricated and painted at the home of Bob and Florence Hawley.
Once the support frame was completed, two lift cranes were dispatched to lift the nearly 2-ton Arabia stern-section into place.
The task of shipping this oddly shaped item fell to Dave Luttrell. He loaded this wooden artifact onto a semi-truck trailer and carefully drove the item to the museum scarcely clearing some of the lower bridges along the I-70 route into Kansas City, MO.
The east-most building at the City Market had been cut in half in preparation of the up-coming Arabia Steamboat Museum. With the center of the structure open to the sky it was easier to install the larger Arabia artifacts into place in the museum building.
Workers carefully guide the massive stern-section into place.
A large construction crane was on hand to lift the Arabia stern-section, protected by the metal framework, up from the transportation trailer and into the lower level of the building being renovated to house the Arabia’s unique collection.
Once the Arabia stern-section was loaded into place, large pre-cast slabs of concrete were set into place thus forming the ceiling above whereby a showering system was built to begin the lengthy preservation of the Arabia’s wooden artifact.
Every night for three and a half years, the showering system soaked the wood with Polyethylene glycol to preserve it. To prevent over-spray, a floor-to-ceiling showering curtain was installed. This would be opened during the daytime to allow visitors to better view the steamer’s hull.
Hull Installation
Built in 1853, the Arabia lasted a short 3-years on the river before it sank near Kansas City in 1856. The magnificent Arabia’s stern section shown here is one of the largest artifacts recovered in the 1988-89 excavation.
The stern-section was carefully separated from remainder of the hull for preservation and eventual display at the museum. Bob Hawley and workmen would use a construction crane to lift the massive boat section up 45-feet to the farm surface with a crane to a waiting semi-truck for transportation.
To support the Arabia’s stern-section in the museum, a metal framework was fabricated and painted at the home of Bob and Florence Hawley.
Once the support frame was completed, two lift cranes were dispatched to lift the nearly 2-ton Arabia stern-section into place.
The task of shipping this oddly shaped item fell to Dave Luttrell. He loaded this wooden artifact onto a semi-truck trailer and carefully drove the item to the museum scarcely clearing some of the lower bridges along the I-70 route into Kansas City, MO.
The east-most building at the City Market had been cut in half in preparation of the up-coming Arabia Steamboat Museum. With the center of the structure open to the sky it was easier to install the larger Arabia artifacts into place in the museum building.
Workers carefully guide the massive stern-section into place.
A large construction crane was on hand to lift the Arabia stern-section, protected by the metal framework, up from the transportation trailer and into the lower level of the building being renovated to house the Arabia’s unique collection.
Once the Arabia stern-section was loaded into place, large pre-cast slabs of concrete were set into place thus forming the ceiling above whereby a showering system was built to begin the lengthy preservation of the Arabia’s wooden artifact.
Every night for three and a half years, the showering system soaked the wood with Polyethylene glycol to preserve it. To prevent over-spray, a floor-to-ceiling showering curtain was installed. This would be opened during the daytime to allow visitors to better view the steamer’s hull.
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Technology Center
The pine tar bucket has a corn cob handle.
Technology Center
The pine tar bucket has a corn cob handle.
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Preservation Lab
Mud containing Bohemian and Italian beads.
Preservationists carefully washed the mud through a series of gradually finer screens to separate the beads.
Preservation Lab
Mud containing Bohemian and Italian beads.
Preservationists carefully washed the mud through a series of gradually finer screens to separate the beads.
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Deck Display Case
This display contains items found in one cargo box. It shows the variety of merchandise ordered by a single general store.
Top: Pencils, pens, sewing needles - both brass and steel - and pins. Multiple sizes of sewing needles from small to very large leather - and sail-working. Still very sharp.
"Hail Columbia" round disk suspender buckle patented by Elisha Steele.
Middle: Razor blades, toothbrushes, hairpins, wooden doll arms and legs.
Cosmetics, possibly a lotion. The solids may be beeswax or tallow from which the base oil has separated.
Silk piping (trim), black. ~1/8" wide.
Brooch, possibly gold.
Bottom: Gun powder flasks, shaving soap containers
Deck Display Case
This display contains items found in one cargo box. It shows the variety of merchandise ordered by a single general store.
Top: Pencils, pens, sewing needles - both brass and steel - and pins. Multiple sizes of sewing needles from small to very large leather - and sail-working. Still very sharp.
"Hail Columbia" round disk suspender buckle patented by Elisha Steele.
Middle: Razor blades, toothbrushes, hairpins, wooden doll arms and legs.
Cosmetics, possibly a lotion. The solids may be beeswax or tallow from which the base oil has separated.
Silk piping (trim), black. ~1/8" wide.
Brooch, possibly gold.
Bottom: Gun powder flasks, shaving soap containers
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Preservation Lab
The bases to two "Florence Nightingale" stoves.
Nightingale herself had nothing to do with these stoves, but the Crimean War had ended just six months earlier and she was at the peak of her fame, so the stovemakers used her name as a way to draw attention to their product and sell more stoves.
Preservation Lab
The bases to two "Florence Nightingale" stoves.
Nightingale herself had nothing to do with these stoves, but the Crimean War had ended just six months earlier and she was at the peak of her fame, so the stovemakers used her name as a way to draw attention to their product and sell more stoves.
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The Missouri River:
Army Corp Of Engineer
Map legend:
• Double blue lines: current river channel
• Lt blue: 1800s river channel
• Orange: sandbars and islands
• Green: bluffs
The Missouri – the "Mighty Mo" – has always been known for being wide but very shallow, having sandbars and islands, oxbows and bluffs, whirlpools and snags. Because of its shallow nature, barely six feet in spots, the entire riverway could (and did) shift a mile within a single season, dropping rich sediment behind. During the next season, the river
might shift back, depositing new sediment. This constant ebb and flow created some of the richest farmland in the state.
In the early 20th century, the Army Corps of Engineers undertook the re-channelizing of the Missouri River to improve navigation. The Mighty Mo was tamed – mostly.
The Missouri River:
Army Corp Of Engineer
Map legend:
• Double blue lines: current river channel
• Lt blue: 1800s river channel
• Orange: sandbars and islands
• Green: bluffs
The Missouri – the "Mighty Mo" – has always been known for being wide but very shallow, having sandbars and islands, oxbows and bluffs, whirlpools and snags. Because of its shallow nature, barely six feet in spots, the entire riverway could (and did) shift a mile within a single season, dropping rich sediment behind. During the next season, the river
might shift back, depositing new sediment. This constant ebb and flow created some of the richest farmland in the state.
In the early 20th century, the Army Corps of Engineers undertook the re-channelizing of the Missouri River to improve navigation. The Mighty Mo was tamed – mostly.
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Greg Hawley
Gregory Len Hawley, 50 of Independence, MO passed away on Saturday, January 10, 2009 at Truman Medical Center West, with his family and friends at his bedside as a result of injuries sustained in an automobile accident.
Greg was an avid outdoorsman, gifted storyteller, and was integral in the recovery and preservation of the Arabia collection.
Those who came to the musem and met Greg recall the energy and excitment in his voice as he shared tales of the families adventure in digging the Arabia. When asked what the greatest find on the Arabia was he answered that it was the story itself - and not just the story of the excavation - but the story that the Arabia carried with her when she sank in 1856.
This display was assembled to honor the memory of Greg, and serves as a symbol - to all that visit the museum - that even though he is no longer with us, his story is told every day alongside the collection he so thoughtfully cleaned, shared, and cared for.
Click the button below to watch an interivew with Greg.
Greg Hawley
Gregory Len Hawley, 50 of Independence, MO passed away on Saturday, January 10, 2009 at Truman Medical Center West, with his family and friends at his bedside as a result of injuries sustained in an automobile accident.
Greg was an avid outdoorsman, gifted storyteller, and was integral in the recovery and preservation of the Arabia collection.
This display was assembled to honor the memory of Greg, and serves as a symbol - to all that visit the museum - that even though he is no longer with us, his story is told every day alongside the collection he so thoughtfully cleaned, shared, and cared for.
Click the button below to watch an interivew with Greg.
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Snag
Reported in the original newspaper articles as a sycamore tree, this section of what must have been a very large tree was still lying on the deck of the boat when it was uncovered.
After testing, it was discovered to be walnut.
Snag
Reported in the original newspaper articles as a sycamore tree, this section of what must have been a very large tree was still lying on the deck of the boat when it was uncovered.
After testing, it was discovered to be walnut.
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Deck Display Case
1/3 of the 2,000 dishes found aboard the Arabia were broken. These pieces are displayed to show the damage caused by the sinking. All dishes shown here were manufactured by Davenport Ironstone of Staffordshire, England.
Deck Display Case
1/3 of the 2,000 dishes found aboard the Arabia were broken. These pieces are displayed to show the damage caused by the sinking. All dishes shown here were manufactured by Davenport Ironstone of Staffordshire, England.
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Deck Passage
A bottle of peppercorns belonging to a passenger who also lost a silver cruet set and nutmeg grater.
Boots and whisky jug left behind by a passenger or perhaps a deckhand.
T-bevel used for both laying out and transferring angles.
Deck Passage
A bottle of peppercorns belonging to a passenger who also lost a silver cruet set and nutmeg grater.
Boots and whisky jug left behind by a passenger or perhaps a deckhand.
T-bevel used for both laying out and transferring angles.
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
Frozen Charlotte
The porcelain doll with outstretched arms is a Frozen Charlotte doll, found in a carpenter’s toolbox on the Steamboat Arabia. Frozen Charlotte dolls were were popular in the 19th century as children’s toys and also as moralizing tools. The tale of “Fair Charlotte” was first recorded by humorist Seba Smith in an 1844 periodical.
This poem later evolved into a folk song and series of dolls, all with the intent of reminding children to listen to their mothers. You may notice that the doll is nude and is a baby doll, even though the protagonist of the poem is a teenager in a lovely dress. This is typical for 19th-century dolls; girls were encouraged to make clothes for them to practice their sewing skills.
Excerpt from
“A Corpse Going to a Ball”
by Seba Smith
…At the village inn, fifteen miles off,
Is a merry ball to-night—
The piercing air is cold as death,
But her heart is warm and light;
And brightly beams her laughing eye,
As a well-known voice she hears;
And dashing up to the cottage door
Her Charley’s sleigh appears.
“Now daughter dear,” her mother cried,
“This blanket round you fold,
“For ’tis a dreadful night abroad,
“You’ll catch your death a-cold.”
“O nay, O nay,” fair Charlotte said,
And she laugh’d like a gipsy queen,
“To ride with blankets muffled up
“I never could be seen—
“My silken cloak is quite enough;
“You know ’tis lined throughout;
“And then I have a silken shawl
“To tie my neck about.”
… Five cold, long miles they’ve pass’d,
And Charles, with these few frozen words,
The silence broke at last—
“Such night as this I never saw—
“The reins I scarce can hold;”
And Charlotte, shivering, faintly said,
“I am exceeding cold.”
He crack’d his whip, and urged his steed
More swifily than before,
And now five other dreary miles;
In silence are pass’d o’er—
“How fast,” said Charles the freezing ice
“Is gathering on my brow;”
But Charlotte said, with feebler tone.
“I’m growing warmer now.”
And on they went through the frosty air
And the glittering, cold star-light;
And now at last the village inn
And the ball-room are in sight.
They reach the door, and Charles jumps out,
And holds his hand to her— Why sits she like a monument,
That hath no power to stir?
He call’d her once—he call’d her twice—
She answer’d not a word;
He ask’d her for her hand again,
But still she never stirr’d—
He took her hand in his—O God!
‘Twas cold and hard as stone;
He tore the mantle from her face;
The cold stars on her shone—
Then quickly to the lighted hall
Her voiceless form he bore—
His Charlotte was a stiflen’d corpse,
And word spake never more!
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Bleeding Kansas
These two Sharp's Rifles were smuggled onto the Arabia in March 1856 by a passenger named David Hoyt. He was working with the New England Aid Society to assist the abolitionist cause in Lawrence, Kansas.
He hid the guns in a box labeled "Tools" since the Arabia would be passing through pro-slavery territory in the state of Missouri. The guns were discovered and confiscated at Lexington, Missouri after a letter Hoyt wrote to his mother about them was found on the Arabia.
Bleeding Kansas
These two Sharp's Rifles were smuggled onto the Arabia in March 1856 by a passenger named David Hoyt. He was working with the New England Aid Society to assist the abolitionist cause in Lawrence, Kansas.
He hid the guns in a box labeled "Tools" since the Arabia would be passing through pro-slavery territory in the state of Missouri. The guns were discovered and confiscated at Lexington, Missouri after a letter Hoyt wrote to his mother about them was found on the Arabia.
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Children on Frontier
Marbles
School bells. The smaller was used for inside, the larger for outside.
Children's boots and shoes. The shoes on the right was a pair given to Charles Garside by Gale "Dad" Henson during the 1897 excavation of the Arabia. Charles Garside was a passenger on the Arabia's final voyage, being just 6 months old at the time. His family was moving to Nebraska City and lost most of their possessions when the boat sank. As a grown man, Charles decided to visit the site of the 1897 excavation and was given these shoes as a keepsake.
"Assorted Candy from S. H., Bailey No. (?) Third St St Louis". Candy was boxed in bulk of 24lbs.
Spools for thread, Most originally held cotton thread, though some may have held silk.
Children on Frontier
Marbles
School bells. The smaller was used for inside, the larger for outside.
Children's boots and shoes. The shoes on the right was a pair given to Charles Garside by Gale "Dad" Henson during the 1897 excavation of the Arabia. Charles Garside was a passenger on the Arabia's final voyage, being just 6 months old at the time. His family was moving to Nebraska City and lost most of their possessions when the boat sank. As a grown man, Charles decided to visit the site of the 1897 excavation and was given these shoes as a keepsake.
"Assorted Candy from S. H., Bailey No. (?) Third St St Louis". Candy was boxed in bulk of 24lbs.
Spools for thread, Most originally held cotton thread, though some may have held silk.
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Frontier Trade
Seed beads. Often thought of as "trade beads", frontier women of the 1850s also used these tiny beads to stitch elaborate designs on slippers, parasols, shawls, etc.
Beads of all sizes, shapes, and colors were aboard on their way to several different stores
and settlements.
Thimbles were not only needed for the household sewing, they were fancied by the
indigenous tribes, as well. If a thimble lost its shape, it became part of a "jingle"
(noisemaker).
Chewing tobacco and a clay pipe
Brass "dragon" ornament originally placed on the butts of rifles. Indigenous tribesmen
removed the dragons and made decorative chestplates, as seen in this photo.
The knife at the top is a butter knife, the straight one is a table knife. Three-tine forks were
common for eating, while two-tine forks were commonly used for meat carving.
Frontier Trade
Seed beads. Often thought of as "trade beads", frontier women of the 1850s also used these tiny beads to stitch elaborate designs on slippers, parasols, shawls, etc.
Beads of all sizes, shapes, and colors were aboard on their way to several different stores
and settlements.
Thimbles were not only needed for the household sewing, they were fancied by the
indigenous tribes, as well. If a thimble lost its shape, it became part of a "jingle"
(noisemaker).
Chewing tobacco and a clay pipe
Brass "dragon" ornament originally placed on the butts of rifles. Indigenous tribesmen
removed the dragons and made decorative chestplates, as seen in this photo.
The knife at the top is a butter knife, the straight one is a table knife. Three-tine forks were
common for eating, while two-tine forks were commonly used for meat carving.
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Captain & Crew
This cargo hook used to load the Arabia is the only artifact that bears the name of the boat. It is located in the middle of the wood, just below the iron strap. The name was not discovered until this piece was undergoing preservation five years after the excavation.
Tin paint buckets were discovered on the deck of the Arabia.
Iron fire baskets were used by crew to either illuminate nighttime work, or add additional light to the bow of a ship in order to avoid obstacles - such as snags - when traveling at night.
In addition to deckhands, engineers, pilots, etc, steamboats also carried dining service crews such as cooks and waiters. Only passengers who had paid for upperdeck passage had access to these prepared and served meals.
Captain & Crew
This cargo hook used to load the Arabia is the only artifact that bears the name of the boat. It is located in the middle of the wood, just below the iron strap. The name was not discovered until this piece was undergoing preservation five years after the excavation.
Tin paint buckets were discovered on the deck of the Arabia.
Iron fire baskets were used by crew to either illuminate nighttime work, or add additional light to the bow of a ship in order to avoid obstacles - such as snags - when traveling at night.
In addition to deckhands, engineers, pilots, etc, steamboats also carried dining service crews such as cooks and waiters. Only passengers who had paid for upperdeck passage had access to these prepared and served meals.
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Tin Display
Tin and glass lantern.
One of several styles, a candle would be placed in the glass bottom and the punched tin top would provide venting as well as a pretty pattern when illuminated from below.
Tin Display
Tin and glass lantern.
One of several styles, a candle would be placed in the glass bottom and the punched tin top would provide venting as well as a pretty pattern when illuminated from below.
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Cabin Passage
Apertif goblet, red glass. This tiny glass was, unfortunately, destroyed in the test drill for the Arabia. Originally it would have been used for sherry or other 'light' drinks.
A lightweight brass decoration that may have adorned the ceiling in the Arabia's dining room or saloon. Much like pressed tin ceilings in buildings of the time, it is very thin and light.
*Sample* menu from the Steamboat Clara in 1852. Such fare was offered to those passengers who could afford cabin passage. Deck passengers were responsible for their own food.
Ceramic figurines belonging to a cabin passenger.
Cabin Passage
Apertif goblet, red glass. This tiny glass was, unfortunately, destroyed in the test drill for the Arabia. Originally it would have been used for sherry or other 'light' drinks.
A lightweight brass decoration that may have adorned the ceiling in the Arabia's dining room or saloon. Much like pressed tin ceilings in buildings of the time, it is very thin and light.
*Sample* menu from the Steamboat Clara in 1852. Such fare was offered to those passengers who could afford cabin passage. Deck passengers were responsible for their own food.
Ceramic figurines belonging to a cabin passenger.
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Frontier Lifestyle
Matches were made by dipping treated wood into a phosphorus concoction, drying and then cutting into shape - the process was highly dangerous to the workers producing them due, in part, to the constant breathing of phosphorus fumes.
Frontier Lifestyle
Matches were made by dipping treated wood into a phosphorus concoction, drying and then cutting into shape - the process was highly dangerous to the workers producing them due, in part, to the constant breathing of phosphorus fumes.
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Frontier Hardware
Whetstones for sharpening smaller blades and tools.
Wooden furniture knobs.
Box of sheet glass for frontier windows.
(front) counterweights for hanging steelyard scales.
Frontier Hardware
Whetstones for sharpening smaller blades and tools.
Wooden furniture knobs.
Box of sheet glass for frontier windows.
(front) counterweights for hanging steelyard scales.
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General Store
Canned "cove" oysters. Among the many foodstuffs carried aboard the Arabia were these oysters, likely originating from the upper eastern seaboard or Canada.
General Store
Canned "cove" oysters. Among the many foodstuffs carried aboard the Arabia were these oysters, likely originating from the upper eastern seaboard or Canada.
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Textile
Silk, black. Very thin.
Bolt of fabric, wool, black.
Bolt of fabric, wool, 'oxblood red'.
Textiles
Silk, black. Very thin.
Bolt of fabric, wool, black.
Bolt of fabric, wool, 'oxblood red'.
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Textile
Fabric fragment, wool, black-on-red design.
Fawn colored wool (bolt), shirt-weight.
Oxblood red colored wool (bolt), shirt-weight.
Indigo blue colored wool (bolt), medium weight.
Textiles
Fabric fragment, wool, black-on-red design.
Fawn colored wool (bolt), shirt-weight.
Oxblood red colored wool (bolt), shirt-weight.
Indigo blue colored wool (bolt), medium weight.
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General Store
Assorted pie fruit. L to R: apples, gooseberries, rhubarb, cherries (x4), blueberries.
These bottled fruits may have been used for pie (hence the name) or compote - a briefly cooked, sometimes lightly sweetened chunky sauce which could be used as a sweet topping for biscuits or cakes or as a savory sauce for meat dishes.
General Store
Assorted pie fruit. L to R: apples, gooseberries, rhubarb, cherries (x4), blueberries.
These bottled fruits may have been used for pie (hence the name) or compote - a briefly cooked, sometimes lightly sweetened chunky sauce which could be used as a sweet topping for biscuits or cakes or as a savory sauce for meat dishes.
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Textile
Pocketbook, embossed leather and brass. Designed to fit within a pocket or small bag, these were hinged at the bottom, and had a clipping closure.
Book cover, leather, with a lock. May have been for a journal; its original contents did not survive.
Textiles
Pocketbook, embossed leather and brass. Designed to fit within a pocket or small bag, these were hinged at the bottom, and had a clipping closure.
Book cover, leather, with a lock. May have been for a journal; its original contents did not survive.
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Frontier Hardware
Rim locks for houses. Instead of being mortised into the structure of the door, a rim lock was secured on the outer surface.
Whetstones, used for sharpening any bladed tool including pocket knives. Irregularly cut.
Frontier Hardware
Rim locks for houses. Instead of being mortised into the structure of the door, a rim lock was secured on the outer surface.
Whetstones, used for sharpening any bladed tool including pocket knives. Irregularly cut.
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Textile
Reins, coiled for shipping.
Textiles
Reins, coiled for shipping.
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Frontier Hardware
Hat/coat hooks.
Tumbler locks (pad locks). There were multiple styles and sizes in the cargo.
Boot scrapers, wall mounted and floor mounted types, used to clean mud off your shoes before entering a home or business.
Base plate for a thumb latch assembly, one of several styles.
Handle(s) for a thumb latch assembly, one of several styles.
Frontier Hardware
Hat/coat hooks.
Tumbler locks (pad locks). There were multiple styles and sizes in the cargo.
Boot scrapers, wall mounted and floor mounted types, used to clean mud off your shoes before entering a home or business.
Base plate for a thumb latch assembly, one of several styles.
Handle(s) for a thumb latch assembly, one of several styles.
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Dish Displays
These colorful scroll flasks could be used to hold a variety of liquids.
Dish Displays
These colorful scroll flasks could be used to hold a variety of liquids.
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Frontier Hardware
Plate glass for windows
Sharpening stones, also known as whetstones, for sharpening knife blades and tools.
Frontier Hardware
Plate glass for windows
Sharpening stones, also known as whetstones, for sharpening knife blades and tools.
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Textile
"Calico" buttons. In many patterns and colors, these china buttons were originally sewn on ladies ready-made cotton dresses. The cotton had long disintegrated underground and all that was left were the buttons.
White china buttons, many of which were originally sewn on men's cotton work shirts. The shirts did not survive, the buttons did.
Black china buttons
Glass buttons, black, pyramidal shape with a tiny brass shank for attaching.
Buttons, believed to be made of horn.
Rounded wooden buttons with a metal shank. May have served as the "form" or core for a crocheted or cloth covering of decorative cotton.
Textiles
"Calico" buttons. In many patterns and colors, these china buttons were originally sewn on ladies ready-made cotton dresses. The cotton had long disintegrated underground and all that was left were the buttons.
White china buttons, many of which were originally sewn on men's cotton work shirts. The
shirts did not survive, the buttons did.
Black china buttons
Glass buttons, black, pyramidal shape with a tiny brass shank for attaching.
Buttons, believed to be made of horn.
Rounded wooden buttons with a metal shank. May have served as the "form" or core for a crocheted or cloth covering of decorative cotton.
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Textile
Buffalo overshoes. The inner section is buffalo hide turned hair inward for warmth. Thought to be "military surplus", these were commonly worn by soldiers at the northern forts.
Textiles
Buffalo overshoes. The inner section is buffalo hide turned hair inward for warmth. Thought to be "military surplus", these were commonly worn by soldiers at the northern forts.
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Hardware
Mineral knobs (brown). Resembling mahogany or brown stone, these are actually ceramic made of two types of clay and swirled with sulphur then fired in a kiln.
Handles for thumb latch assemblies.
Box of window glass.
White porcelain door knobs.
Hardware
Mineral knobs (brown). Resembling mahogany or brown stone, these are actually ceramic made of two types of clay and swirled with sulphur then fired in a kiln.
Handles for thumb latch assemblies.
Box of window glass.
White porcelain door knobs.
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Bob Hawley
Harland Maynard Hawley, of Independence, Missouri, born February 20, 1929 in Oakland, California, to parents Gerald & Viola Hawley, has passed away at age 89 on January 5th, 2019.
As a youngster, his older sister Dareth nicknamed him “Hunk” due to a few extra pounds that he carried. He grew tall and lean, yet the nickname stuck and he was affectionately referred to as such by members of his immediate family for many years. He would however, introduce himself as Bob, a name he preferred over Harland.
He served his family and community honorably as a husband, a father, church pastor, entrepreneur, and a principal in the recovery of the sunken 1856 steamboat Arabia.
His gentle and kind demeanor was magnetic. He was a perceptive and thoughtful man whose wise council was highly regarded. Clever in the way of mechanical ingenuity, he was able to build or repair most any piece of equipment and made his living doing just that. With a young and growing family, he began working from the trunk of the family auto repairing refrigeration equipment to supplement his income from his employment as a tool & dye maker. Within a few years he was able to buy a work truck and proudly placed a sign in the front yard of his home advertising his repair business. To this day, the Hawley Service Company sign stands vigilant to those passersby along the blacktop road at the end of his long, shaded driveway.
Bob Hawley was a man who loved the adventure of the outdoors, honored the grip of a honest handshake, content to work all day for a fair wage, and quick to give of his abundance to his church and those in need. With the realization that he was experiencing symptoms of the fatal ALS - Lou Gehrig’s Disease - Bob continued to set a strong and unwavering example to all that attended his personal care during the closing days of life.
A work of literature often attributed to Mark Twain is a passage that goes a long way in describing the character and life of Bob Hawley. “Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore, Dream, Discover.”
Click the button below to see Bob greeting guests in the theater.
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Hardware
Slide bolts with porcelein knob.
End cap or bracket for curtain rods.
Frontspiece or escutcheon (keyhole cover for a cabinet or desk), brass.
Cabinet locks, brass.
Cabinet latches, brass.
Porcelain door knob sets.
Hardware
Slide bolts with porcelein knob.
End cap or bracket for curtain rods.
Frontspiece or escutcheon (keyhole cover for a cabinet or desk), brass.
Cabinet locks, brass.
Cabinet latches, brass.
Porcelain door knob sets.
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
___
Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
___
Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
___
Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
___
Frontier Lifestyle
"Looking glass" or mirror
Frontier Lifestyle
"Looking glass" or mirror
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Axes & Metal Works
Large circular sawmill blade with wooden bracing used to protect it during shipping on the Arabia.
Axes & Metal Works
Large circular sawmill blade with wooden bracing used to protect it during shipping on the Arabia.
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Frontier Lifestyle
Nippers (cutting nippers), cast metal.
Frontier Lifestyle
Nippers (cutting nippers), cast metal.
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Steelyard Scales
A steelyard is based on a simple concept dating back to ancient Rome and ancient China. An object is weighed by hanging from a lever with a counterweight on the other end. The counterweight can be moved along the calibrated rod (also known as a “yard”) until it balances. This was used to determine the purchasing price for a variety of goods.
If you look into our hardware display, the numbered, hook-shaped beams are the steelyards; the heavy, bell-shaped objects are the counterweights.
The Illustrated Catalogue of American Hardware of the Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company advertised balances “equal to the English Pattern for durability and correctness.” Specialized versions could be purchased for butchers, planters, and other professions.
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Stomach Bitters
Twenty-three bottles of bitters were among the medicines of questionable effectiveness that sank on the Arabia. Bitters are still available (and rising in popularity) today, although their function has evolved. In the past, bitters were used medicinally—at least in theory—but today they are part of the classic cocktail trend.
A 2009 shortage of Angostura bitters made news headlines. Trendy bartenders are going to great lengths to procure antique bottles of bitters or develop brand-new flavors. While they may not actually cure your fever, bitters are sure to add depth and complexity of flavor—along with a dash of history—to any cocktail.
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Cast-Iron Stove
In the year 2000, preservationists in the lab at the Steamboat Arabia Museum embarked upon a laborious project: cleaning a cast-iron stove and getting it ready for display. Several stoves located near the site of impact were crushed when the Arabia sank. The one on display today is in excellent condition. However, it did take several months to remove a hard layer of debris from the stove’s surface.
Most of the metals in the Arabia’s cargo suffered very little rusting. Although they were underwater for 132 years, they were protected from oxygen, sealed under many layers of mud. However, when items were brought into the air during the excavation, the surrounding mud had absorbed some iron particles over time; therefore, the mud around the metals flash-rusted. The result is a rock-hard layer of orange mud and clay, which must be removed very carefully by preservationists.
Metal artifacts are only cleaned using dry processes in our preservation lab. That means no solvents or lubricants: only metal tools and lots of patience. Liquids could cause further oxidation or corrosion, whereas metal tools can be applied precisely— in order to remove oxidized debris without affecting the surface of the artifact.
When tackling a metal artifact, the preservationist may begin with a hammer and chisel to remove the largest chunks of debris. Next, they will wield dental picks for areas of detail. Needless to say, this is a time-consuming process that can take about 20 minutes for a small piece of hardware or many months for a large cast-iron stove.
The final step is to paint on a thin layer of tannic acid, a polyphenol that helps to stabilize iron and prevent corrosion. The tannic acid does cause the iron to appear slightly darker, but protects it for future generations and is completely reversible. Cast-iron was a durable material, perfect for the hardships of frontier life, and found in abundance in the Steamboat Arabia’s cargo. Every piece of it must be cleaned by hand with metal tools and treated with tannic acid before it is ready to display.
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Dish Displays
Brass serving spoons.
Upper Right: Tea set - pot and bowls with saucers, porcelain. Tea bowls were common though cups with handles had begun to be used in England in the early 19th century. The saucers were deeper than we are accustomed as tea was often poured into the saucer to cool.
Lower Right: Tea 'bowl', porcelain.
Dish Displays
Brass serving spoons.
Upper Right: Tea set - pot and bowls with saucers, porcelain. Tea bowls were common though cups with handles had begun to be used in England in the early 19th century. The saucers were deeper than we are accustomed as tea was often poured into the saucer to cool.
Lower Right: Tea 'bowl', porcelain.
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Frontier Lifestyle
Bed keys had a variety of uses in the nineteenth century.
Box spring beds were a new invention at the time of the sinking of the Arabia, so most beds were a wooden frame with a grid of ropes going across that a straw mattress would lay upon. Over time, these ropes would sag, and bed keys were like socket wrenches used to tighten the bolts the ropes were attached to, thus providing a flat surface. This action is where the phrase "sleep tight" originated.
Bed key, also known as a, "fireman's wrench," was carried and used by firemen to dismantle a bed frame during a house fire. Often the bed would then be reassembled in a barn or outbuilding so the family had a place to rest while cleaning up from or rebuilding from a fire.
Frontier Lifestyle
Bed keys had a variety of uses in the nineteenth century.
Box spring beds were a new invention at the time of the sinking of the Arabia, so most beds were a wooden frame with a grid of ropes going across that a straw mattress would lay upon. Over time, these ropes would sag, and bed keys were like socket wrenches used to tighten the bolts the ropes were attached to, thus providing a flat surface. This action is where the phrase "sleep tight" originated.
Bed key, also known as a, "fireman's wrench," was carried and used by firemen to dismantle a bed frame during a house fire. Often the bed would then be reassembled in a barn or outbuilding so the family had a place to rest while cleaning up from or rebuilding from a fire.
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Dish Displays
Cuspidor (far left) is another term used for spittoon. This one was intentionally made with a multi-hued brown glaze to camoflage tobacco stains.
Dish Displays
Cuspidor (far left) is another term used for spittoon. This one was intentionally made with a multi-hued brown glaze to camoflage tobacco stains.
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Frontier Lifestyle
Left: Slate boards. Slate pencil box. Marked on the end is "□ Y" and "△X (or Y)" denoting that both square-ended and already 'sharpened' pencils were in the box.
Right: Looking glasses (mirrors). Powder boxes with mirrored lids.
Frontier Lifestyle
Left: Slate boards. Slate pencil box. Marked on the end is "□ Y" and "△X (or Y)" denoting that both square-ended and already 'sharpened' pencils were in the box.
Right: Looking glasses (mirrors). Powder boxes with mirrored lids.
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Textile
Bridles, leather
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Frontier Lifestyle
Buckets were often color-coded for usage. Blue often referred to laundry buckets, though not exclusively.
Frontier Lifestyle
Buckets were often color-coded for usage. Blue often referred to laundry buckets, though not exclusively.
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Frontier Lifestyle
"Pure Yellow Bank tobacco", E. Goodwin & Brother, NY. Pipe tobacco "put up in tin foil", and "packed in boxes of 6 and 12 dozen each".
Pipe stems, reed. Easily replaceable if broken and less expensive than wood.
Frontier Lifestyle
"Pure Yellow Bank tobacco", E. Goodwin & Brother, NY. Pipe tobacco "put up in tin foil", and "packed in boxes of 6 and 12 dozen each".
Pipe stems, reed. Easily replaceable if broken and less expensive than wood.
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Axes & Metal Works
Grindstone used to sharpen ax blades. The iron piece atop the grindstone is part of the mechanism used to turn it.
Axes & Metal Works
Grindstone used to sharpen ax blades. The iron piece atop the grindstone is part of the mechanism used to turn it.
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Axes & Metal Works
Broad axe head, masting axe, "ship" pattern.
Axe, "Kentucky" pattern head. Generally used for felling oak trees.
Broad axe head, "New Orleans" pattern
Axes & Metal Works
Broad axe head, masting axe, "ship" pattern.
Axe, "Kentucky" pattern head. Generally used for felling oak trees.
Broad axe head, "New Orleans" pattern
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General Store
Sweet pickles. Fermentation and pickling have been important preservation techniques for vegetables throughout history.
These pickles, because of the anoxic conditions underground, were still edible 132 years later upon excavation. Now? Not safe to consume.
General Store
Sweet pickles. Fermentation and pickling have been important preservation techniques for vegetables throughout history.
These pickles, because of the anoxic conditions underground, were still edible 132 years later upon excavation. Now? Not safe to consume.
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Frontier Lifestyle
Upper: Lead (graphite) pencils
Lower: Wooden handled dip or nib pens
Frontier Lifestyle
Upper: Lead (graphite) pencils
Lower: Wooden handled dip or nib pens
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Dish Displays
Dishes produced by Davenport Ironstone of Staffordshire, England with a blue "featheredge" design.
Dish Displays
Dishes produced by Davenport Ironstone of Staffordshire, England with a blue "featheredge" design.
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Frontier Lifestyle
Tobacco chews ("plugs"), cut into wedges to fit within the chew keg.
"Washington" cigar box.
El Socrates Habana cigar box.
Frontier Lifestyle
Tobacco chews ("plugs"), cut into wedges to fit within the chew keg.
"Washington" cigar box.
El Socrates Habana cigar box.
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Frontier Lifestyle
Pocket knives were manufactured by a variety of makers, including many from Sheffield, England.
Frontier Lifestyle
Pocket knives were manufactured by a variety of makers, including many from Sheffield, England.
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Tobener Cabin
Cabin Overview
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Textile
Curry combs used for brushing horses.
The brass medallion in the middle bears the image of an eagle and the words "Uncle Sam"
Textiles
Curry combs used for brushing horses.
The brass medallion in the middle bears the image of an eagle and the words "Uncle Sam"
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Preserving Fabric
Today we mostly experience 19th-century clothing through black-and-white photographs and illustrations. Fabrics found on the Arabia show us that pioneers had a taste for intense orange and rich red colors. However, the fabrics must be cleaned and displayed carefully to protect their integrity.
Wool and silk fabrics from the Arabia have held up very nicely, being made from strong protein-based fibers. However, cotton fibers are much less durable and unfortunately dissolved over the course of 132 years underwater.
Most of the garments on display are made from wool fabric, but the cotton thread holding the pieces together was long gone by the time the Arabia was excavated.
After carefully washing the pieces with purified water, our preservationists gently stitch the clothing items back together. The items are displayed in a low-light environment to protect their vibrant colors.
Bolts of fabric are cleaned through a time-consuming process. They are rolled out on mesh-top tables and gently washed with purified water. Veterinary soap can be used for stains or discolorations, and a soft brush can be used to remove debris. The cleaned portion must be dried 100% before the preservationist can roll out the next section. For that reason, it can take up to a month to clean a bolt of fabric.
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Tobener Cabin
This cabin is a re-creation of what a cabin may have looked in the 1850s. The dishes and cookware were aboard the Arabia, but the furniture was not. Considered tiny by modern standards, a cabin usually started out as a single room containing a table for meals, a few chairs, and beds curtained off for a bit of privacy.
Occasionally, during a visit to the Arabia Steamboat Museum, you may even experience craftsmen demonstrating skills which would have been common in the mid-19th century.
Tobener Cabin
This cabin is a re-creation of what a cabin may have looked in the 1850s. The dishes and cookware were aboard the Arabia, but the furniture was not. Considered tiny by modern standards, a cabin usually started out as a single room containing a table for meals, a few chairs, and beds curtained off for a bit of privacy.
Occasionally, during a visit to the Arabia Steamboat Museum, you may even experience craftsmen demonstrating skills which would have been common in the mid-19th century.
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Dish Displays
Table knives, some with bone handles and some with wooden handles.
Dish Displays
Table knives, some with bone handles and some with wooden handles.
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Frontier Hardware
Rim locks and door knob sets: mineral knob (left) and brass (right).
Tumbler or padlock: The one with the key in place - The brass cover on this lock bears the image of a crown and the letters "VR" which stand for Victoria Regina. The Arabia sank during the reign of Queen Victoria and manufacturers often used royal imagery to enhance
the stature of their products. The word "SECURE" also appears at the bottom of the brass cover.
Frontier Hardware
Rim locks and door knob sets: mineral knob (left) and brass (right).
Tumbler or padlock: The one with the key in place - The brass cover on this lock bears the image of a crown and the letters "VR" which stand for Victoria Regina. The Arabia sank during the reign of Queen Victoria and manufacturers often used royal imagery to enhance
the stature of their products. The word "SECURE" also appears at the bottom of the brass
cover.
Stomach Bitters
Twenty-three bottles of bitters were among the medicines of questionable effectiveness that sank on the Arabia. Bitters are still available (and rising in popularity) today, although their function has evolved. In the past, bitters were used medicinally—at least in theory—but today they are part of the classic cocktail trend.
A 2009 shortage of Angostura bitters made news headlines. Trendy bartenders are going to great lengths to procure antique bottles of bitters or develop brand-new flavors. While they may not actually cure your fever, bitters are sure to add depth and complexity of flavor—along with a dash of history—to any cocktail.
___
Frontier Lifestyle
Nib holders (top two rows) and handles (bottom row) for nib or dip pens. Brass, highly decorative.
Frontier Lifestyle
Nib holders (top two rows) and handles (bottom row) for nib or dip pens. Brass, highly decorative.
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Frontier Lifestyle
Ink bottles, stoneware
Book cover "Poems of Ossian"
Complete works of William Shakespeare. The gold leaf design contains a rendering of the author and contains the quote "He was not for a day but for all time."
Books: The only traces of books left behind on this ship are these two book jackets, as the water destroyed the pages. The books were "The Complete Works of William Shakespeare" and "Poems of Ossian."
Frontier Lifestyle
Ink bottles, stoneware
Book cover "Poems of Ossian"
Complete works of William Shakespeare. The gold leaf design contains a rendering of the author and contains the quote "He was not for a day but for all time."
Books: The only traces of books left behind on this ship are these two book jackets, as the water destroyed the pages. The books were "The Complete Works of William Shakespeare" and "Poems of Ossian."
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Treasure Room
Aboard the Arabia was a variety of dishes including Wedgwood from England. Wedgwood produced dishware in many styles and price ranges such as this "Queen's Ware", the general type named with the gracious permission of Queen Charlotte in 1763.
Coffee beans from South America were found within the collection. The excavators were still able to note the smell of coffee inside the containers where the beans were found.
Treasure Room
Dishes
Coffee beans from South America were found within the collection. The excavators were still able to note the smell of coffee inside the containers where the beans were found.
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Tin Display
Back to front: Tinware coffee or cocoa pots. Tin cups. Sugar shaker.
Tin Display
Back to front: Tinware coffee or cocoa pots. Tin cups. Sugar shaker.
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General Store
Cosmetics, thought to be moisturizers or lotions.
General Store
Cosmetics, thought to be moisturizers or lotions.
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Frontier Lifestyle
Clothespins. One-piece (upper) and spring action (lower).
Sad iron(s). The term "sad" refers to an older definition meaning heavy. Sad irons were marked by weight; many in the cargo were 5 lbs. Heated directly atop a woodstove, the iron was used to remove wrinkles in clothing.
Frontier Lifestyle
Clothespins. One-piece (upper) and spring action (lower).
Sad iron(s). The term "sad" refers to an older definition meaning heavy. Sad irons were marked by weight; many in the cargo were 5 lbs. Heated directly atop a woodstove, the iron was used to remove wrinkles in clothing.
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Axes & Metal Works
Ax heads.
Sawmill bearings.
Leather belts for the sawmill being shipped.
Axes & Metal Works
Ax heads.
Sawmill bearings.
Leather belts for the sawmill being shipped.
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Axes & Metal Works
Large grindstones for sharpening larger tools. To be fit onto an axle run through the center, mounted on a brace, and generally turned by foot power.
Axes & Metal Works
Large grindstones for sharpening larger tools. To be fit onto an axle run through the center, mounted on a brace, and generally turned by foot power.
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Frontier Lifestyle
Top Shelf: Balance scales. Cornmeal grinder (cast iron). Tea kettles (cast iron)
Middle Shelf: Balance scales, soup pots (cast iron)
Bottom Shelf: Wood stove legs. Cast iron soup pot.
Frontier Lifestyle
Top Shelf: Balance scales. Cornmeal grinder (cast iron). Tea kettles (cast iron)
Middle Shelf: Balance scales, soup pots (cast iron)
Bottom Shelf: Wood stove legs. Cast iron soup pot.
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Dish Displays
Salt dip, also known as salt cellar, glass. Salt was placed in the small dish on the table so diners could take a pinch as needed.
Dish Displays
Salt dip, also known as salt cellar, glass. Salt was placed in the small dish on the table so diners could take a pinch as needed.
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General Store
Nib or dip pens and wooden ink well housings.
General Store
Nib or dip pens and wooden ink well housings.
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Axes & Metal Works
Many of the axes on the Arabia were shipped with the handle in a separate box. They were sent this way to save space and maximize the amount of cargo the boat could carry.
Miter saw and box. Used to cut bevels (angles) into wood trim, typically door jambs and room woodwork, so the seam between two pieces fit tightly.
Saw handle has a brass medallion from Henry Disston of Philadelphia, a well known saw maker from the mid 19th to early 20th centuries.
Axes & Metal Works
Many of the axes on the Arabia were shipped with the handle in a separate box. They were sent this way to save space and maximize the amount of cargo the boat could carry.
Miter saw and box. Used to cut bevels (angles) into wood trim, typically door jambs and room woodwork, so the seam between two pieces fit tightly.
Saw handle has a brass medallion from Henry Disston of Philadelphia, a well known saw maker from the mid 19th to early 20th centuries.
Cast-Iron Stove
In the year 2000, preservationists in the lab at the Steamboat Arabia Museum embarked upon a laborious project: cleaning a cast-iron stove and getting it ready for display. Several stoves located near the site of impact were crushed when the Arabia sank. The one on display today is in excellent condition. However, it did take several months to remove a hard layer of debris from the stove’s surface.
Most of the metals in the Arabia’s cargo suffered very little rusting. Although they were underwater for 132 years, they were protected from oxygen, sealed under many layers of mud. However, when items were brought into the air during the excavation, the surrounding mud had absorbed some iron particles over time; therefore, the mud around the metals flash-rusted. The result is a rock-hard layer of orange mud and clay, which must be removed very carefully by preservationists.
Metal artifacts are only cleaned using dry processes in our preservation lab. That means no solvents or lubricants: only metal tools and lots of patience. Liquids could cause further oxidation or corrosion, whereas metal tools can be applied precisely— in order to remove oxidized debris without affecting the surface of the artifact.
When tackling a metal artifact, the preservationist may begin with a hammer and chisel to remove the largest chunks of debris. Next, she will wield dental picks for areas of detail. Needless to say, this is a time-consuming process that can take about 20 minutes for a small piece of hardware or many months for a large cast-iron stove.
The final step is to paint on a thin layer of tannic acid, a polyphenol that helps to stabilize iron and prevent corrosion. The tannic acid does cause the iron to appear slightly darker, but protects it for future generations and is completely reversible. Cast-iron was a durable material, perfect for the hardships of frontier life, and found in abundance in the Steamboat Arabia’s cargo. Every piece of it must be cleaned by hand with metal tools and treated with tannic acid before it is ready to display.
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General Store
Written communication was vital in the 19th century. A wide range of pen nibs (some made in France) and nib holders was sold in any general store. The nib holder (shown above the nibs) fit into longer shafts or handles for ease of use.
General Store
Written communication was vital in the 19th century. A wide range of pen nibs (some made in France) and nib holders was sold in any general store. The nib holder (shown above the nibs) fit into longer shafts or handles for ease of use.
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General Store
Very large steel needles, generally used for heavier fabrics such as canvas (needles on left) and for leather (needles on right).
Glass bottles
Assorted beads
Round glass beads slightly smaller than a marble. Very fragile, paper thin clear glass, paint or dye was dripped into one of the stringing holes and swirled around to tint the bead.
Perfume bottles, personal size. Built-in glass dabber.
General Store
Very large steel needles, generally used for heavier fabrics such as canvas (needles on left) and for leather (needles on right).
Glass bottles
Assorted beads
Round glass beads slightly smaller than a marble. Very fragile, paper thin clear glass, paint or dye was dripped into one of the stringing holes and swirled around to tint the bead.
Perfume bottles, personal size. Built-in glass dabber.
___
Textile
Bridle, including decorative touches on the browband.
Textiles
Bridle, including decorative touches on the browband.
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Carpenter Tools
These augers are large hand drills that had a wooden handle for turning.
Carpenter Tools
These augers are large hand drills that had a wooden handle for turning.
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Textile
Leather cords for bull whips, had rubber handle
Textiles
Leather cords for bull whips, had rubber handle
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Wheel
The Arabia was a sidewheeler, meaning there was a paddle wheel on both sides towards the
back of the boat. The paddle wheel seen is a reproduction though the huge timbers, the
pitman arm, and the various surrounding equipment was excavated, preserved, and is
original to the Arabia.
Pitman arm – the mechanism which actually turns the crank, moving the paddle in a circular pattern. This pitman is original to the Arabia.
Crankshaft diagram – the crankshaft (or "hub") actually hold the wooden components of the
paddle.
Paddlewheel diagram – the wheels of the Arabia were ~14ft wide and nearly three stories high!
Wheel
The Arabia was a sidewheeler, meaning there was a paddle wheel on both sides towards the back of the boat. The paddle wheel seen is a reproduction though the huge timbers, the pitman arm, and the various surrounding equipment was excavated, preserved, and is original to the Arabia.
Pitman arm – the mechanism which actually turns the crank, moving the paddle in a circular pattern. This pitman is original to the Arabia.
Crankshaft diagram – the crankshaft (or "hub") actually hold the wooden components of the paddle.
Paddlewheel diagram – the wheels of the Arabia were ~14ft wide and nearly three stories high!
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Carpenter Tools
Shovel: Some artifacts did not survive underground as well as others. This shovel and a saw (not pictured) had the misfortune of ending up below a barrel of salted pork for 132 years, and a trickle of saltwater from the barrel corroded the metal.
Carpenter Tools
Shovel: Some artifacts did not survive underground as well as others. This shovel and a saw (not pictured) had the misfortune of ending up below a barrel of salted pork for 132 years, and a trickle of saltwater from the barrel corroded the metal.
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Mormon Display
Mormon emigrants moved westward, often using steamboats for transportation.
On June 2, 1856, a group of 170-200 Later-Day Saints boarded the Arabia to travel from St Louis, Missouri to Florence, Nebraska (the "Old Winter Quarters"), intending to continue overland to Utah.
At the end of June, an additional estimated 50 families reportedly traveled aboard the Arabia to Florence, Nebraska, four families of which later joined the Willie Handcart Company and were caught in a blizzard with devestating loss of life.
Mormon Display
Mormon emigrants moved westward, often using steamboats for transportation.
On June 2, 1856, a group of 170-200 Later-Day Saints boarded the Arabia to travel from St. Louis, Missouri to Florence, Nebraska (the "Old Winter Quarters"), intending to continue overland to Utah. At the end of June, an additional estimated 50 families reportedly
traveled aboard the Arabia to Florence, Nebraska, four families of which later joined the Willie Handcart Company and were caught in a blizzard with devestating loss of life.
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Textile
Men's trousers, wool. Thought to be a deckhand's, these were found turned inside out and had been patched.
Textiles
Men's trousers, wool. Thought to be a deckhand's, these were found turned inside out and had been patched.
Mexican Mustang Liniment
Mexican Mustang Liniment was a topical treatment for aches and pains, developed in 1825 by George W. Westbrook in St. Louis. Medicines in the 19th century faced very little testing by the medical community or regulation by the government. Mexican Mustang Liniment was a “snake oil,” popular throughout the century and manufactured across the country despite a lack of evidence for claims to cure dozens of ailments—for both humans and livestock.
The main ingredient of this exotic-sounding “miracle cure-all” was nothing other than crude petroleum oil. Any benefit from administering Mexican Mustang Liniment was likely a placebo effect. According to an account published in 1852 in The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, a man felt relief after taking some liquid he believed to be Mexican Mustang Liniment in the middle of the night. However, in the morning, his wife discovered that she had grabbed the wrong bottle by mistake. She had given him a spoonful of ink and also rubbed ink all over his body!
Despite being no more medicinally effective than ink, Mexican Mustang Liniment was a coveted good for hard-working pioneers. Eight bottles of it were salvaged from the Steamboat Arabia, along with other outdated medical products, illustrating how far the medical industry has progressed since the mid-19th century.
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Carpenter Tools
Like many of the tools found on the Arabia, these chisels were packed without a wooden handle. The handles were sent in a separate box to save space.
Carpenter Tools
Like many of the tools found on the Arabia, these chisels were packed without a wooden handle. The handles were sent in a separate box to save space.
Steelyard Scales
A steelyard is based on a simple concept dating back to ancient Rome and ancient China. An object is weighed by hanging from a lever with a counterweight on the other end. The counterweight can be moved along the calibrated rod (also known as a “yard”) until it balances. This was used to determine the purchasing price for a variety of goods.
If you look into our hardware display, the numbered, hook-shaped beams are the steelyards; the heavy, bell-shaped objects are the counterweights.
The Illustrated Catalogue of American Hardware of the Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company advertised balances “equal to the English Pattern for durability and correctness.” Specialized versions could be purchased for butchers, planters, and other professions.
___
Treasure Room
One of the bottles of perfume from the Arabia's cargo. Still full of the original scent, imported from France.
Flint lock dragon: Made in Belgium, the brass dragons added a decorative touch to rifles, and were a popular trade item with Native Americans who liked to remove the dragons and sew them onto clothing.
Treasure Room
One of the bottles of perfume from the Arabia's cargo. Still full of the original scent, imported from France.
Flint lock dragon: Made in Belgium, the brass dragons added a decorative touch to rifles, and were a popular trade item with Native Americans who liked to remove the dragons and sew them onto clothing.
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Textile
Man's shirt, red wool.
Textiles
Man's shirt, red wool.
Calico Buttons
Calico buttons were printed with tiny, delicate patterns to match or complement women’s dresses in the 1850s.
The word calico refers to cotton fabrics printed with small, repeating patterns, originally imported to England from Calicutta, India. Cotton dresses from the Steamboat Arabia had dissolved after spending 132 years underwater. Luckily, their porcelain buttons remained intact, showing us how many colorful, intricate patterns were available to women who could afford readymade clothing in 1856.
Buttonologists recognize over 300 varying patterns, each available in a rainbow of colors.
Preserving Fabric
Today we mostly experience 19th-century clothing through black-and-white photographs and illustrations. Fabrics found on the Arabia show us that pioneers had a taste for intense orange and rich red colors. However, the fabrics must be cleaned and displayed carefully to protect their integrity.
Wool and silk fabrics from the Arabia have held up very nicely, being made from strong protein-based fibers. However, cotton fibers are much less durable and unfortunately dissolved over the course of 132 years underwater.
Most of the garments on display are made from wool fabric, but the cotton thread holding the pieces together was long gone by the time the Arabia was excavated.
After carefully washing the pieces with purified water, our preservationists gently stitch the clothing items back together. The items are displayed in a low-light environment to protect their vibrant colors.
Bolts of fabric are cleaned through a time-consuming process. They are rolled out on mesh-top tables and gently washed with purified water. Veterinary soap can be used for stains or discolorations, and a soft brush can be used to remove debris. The cleaned portion must be dried 100% before the preservationist can roll out the next section. For that reason, it can take up to a month to clean a bolt of fabric.
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Textile
English style riding saddle
Textiles
English style riding saddle
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Carpenter Tools
A tool tray belonging to a carpenter who was among the passengers on the Arabia. This tray was found inside a larger box which also contained the Frozen Charlotte doll.
Carpenter Tools
A tool tray belonging to a carpenter who was among the passengers on the Arabia. This tray was found inside a larger box which also contained the Frozen Charlotte doll.
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Textile
Piping' or thin, cylindrical trim made of wool. Used as an accent on clothing.
"Waved crochet braid" or ric rac (modern term), made of wool, used as an accent on clothing.
Wool trim. Used as an accent on clothing, often to "tape" the hem of a skirt.
(Far Right) Assorted trim or ribbon, likely cotton. In very poor condition but still lovely.
Textiles
Piping' or thin, cylindrical trim made of wool. Used as an accent on clothing.
Waved crochet braid" or ric rac (modern term), made of wool, used as an accent on clothing.
Wool trim. Used as an accent on clothing, often to "tape" the hem of a skirt.
(far right) Assorted trim or ribbon, likely cotton. In very poor condition but still lovely.
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Textile
Hair pins, metal. Used to hold a woman's hair in an upswept manner.
Thread spools. Most held cotton thread originally.
Textiles
Hair pins, metal. Used to hold a woman's hair in an upswept manner.
Thread spools. Most held cotton thread originally.
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Carpenter Tools
Snatch block (heavy duty pulley), wood and cast metal. A snatch block allows at least double the pulling power of any winch.
Carpenter Tools
Snatch block (heavy duty pulley), wood and cast metal. A snatch block allows at least double the pulling power of any winch.
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Treasure Room
Seashell shaped beads in top container: Made in Bohemia, these beads are made of paper thin glass and are extremely fragile. Beads of this construction are very rare due to their fragility.
Tiny beads: Glass beads made in Italy that were used to create thin necklaces or to add bead work trim to clothing. Three million were found.
Buttons: Calico buttons from France. The designs and colors were meant to be complimentary to the dresses they were once attached to. 30,000 were found.
Treasure Room
Seashell shaped beads in top container: Made in Bohemia, these beads are made of paper thin glass and are extremely fragile. Beads of this construction are very rare due to their fragility.
Tiny beads: Glass beads made in Italy that were used to create thin necklaces or to add bead work trim to clothing. Three million were found.
Buttons: Calico buttons from France. The designs and colors were meant to be complimentary to the dresses they were once attached to. 30,000 were found.
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Textiles
Thimbles.
Suspender fittings, brass.
Textiles
Thimbles
Suspender fittings, brass.
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Frontier Hardware
These lightning rod insulators were used to prevent building fires in case of a lightning strike. The iron hook screwed into the side of the building and held the glass insulator.
A wire ran through the hole in the insulator and into the ground. If lightning were to strike the building, the charge would be carried by the wire into the ground where it could safely dissipate.
Frontier Hardware
These lightning rod insulators were used to prevent building fires in case of a lightning strike. The iron hook screwed into the side of the building and held the glass insulator.
A wire ran through the hole in the insulator and into the ground. If lightning were to strike the building, the charge would be carried by the wire into the ground where it could safely dissipate.
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Gun Display
Rifles played an important part in the settling of the frontier, for hunting, for protection, and sometimes for trade.
Powder flasks, brass-plated. Gunpowder was carried in the flask - which had a pivot-turned lid on the spout from which to pour the powder. The brass "dragon" is a decorative piece from the stock of a rifle.
Bowler style hat, brown wool.
Box of gun powder, long since dissolved, from Laflins & Smith, St Louis MO
Lead shot and percussion caps.
Gun Display
Rifles played an important part in the settling of the frontier, for hunting, for protection, and sometimes for trade.
Powder flasks, brass-plated. Gunpowder was carried in the flask - which had a pivot-turned lid on the spout from which to pour the powder. The brass "dragon" is a decorative piece from the stock of a rifle.
Bowler style hat, brown wool.
Box of gun powder, long since dissolved, from Laflins & Smith, St Louis MO
Lead shot and percussion caps.
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Textile
Hat pins, glass beads and brass, used to secure bonnets and other head coverings for women.
Textiles
Hat pins, glass beads and brass, used to secure bonnets and other head coverings for women.